This image was taken with the canon FD 200mm 2.8, a lens capable of producing excellent bokeh at a bargain price

There are a huge number of lenses to choose from in the world of photography, with massive differences in price point. In many cases, lenses are differentiated by their maximum aperture, which allows them to capture a shallower depth of field and perform better in lower levels of light. It is not unusual to see that moving from an f/4 lens to an f/2.8 lens can nearly double the cost. Given these price differences, a common question arises: Do I really need shallow depth of field?

The short answer is, it depends. A shallow depth of field can be incredibly useful if you want dreamy, blown-out backgrounds that look extremely aesthetically pleasing. For example, outdoor lifestyle shoots often call for this look because it isolates your subject beautifully. However, for many types of photography, having an extremely shallow depth of field is not only unnecessary but can also be counterproductive. In headshot or studio photography, a too-shallow depth of field can be a drawback because certain features of the subject—like an eye or parts of the face—may end up out of focus, which is usually undesirable. Similarly, in architectural or real estate photography, you want as much of the scene in focus as possible, so a shallow depth of field can work against you.

In other words, whether you need a shallow depth of field lens will depend on your photography usage. Are you shooting mostly studio work where you have complete control of lighting and want everything to be sharp? If so, you absolutely do not need a lens with a super wide aperture. Are you doing outdoor lifestyle or branded shoots where a dreamy background blur is expected? In those cases, shallow depth of field can be considered a must, because it helps produce the kind of polished, eye-catching images that clients and viewers often expect.

Before you rush out and spend two or three thousand dollars on a lens, consider that you might not need to make such a large investment right away. In fact, there are many affordable alternatives to help you achieve beautiful background blur without breaking the bank. If you are shooting subjects that are not moving, one highly recommended strategy is to use vintage manual lenses. These lenses, such as the Nikkor AI-S line, can easily be adapted to mirrorless camera bodies and offer a superb, creamy bokeh for a fraction of the price of modern autofocus zooms.

Another key point to remember is that a more expensive lens will not necessarily produce more attractive images than a cheaper lens. The reason top-of-the-line lenses cost so much is that they provide an array of capabilities all at the same time. For instance, the 70–200mm lenses from Sony, Nikon, and Canon are so expensive because they do everything: they provide a wide range of focal lengths, feature autofocus, offer a consistently large aperture, and often include advanced image stabilization—all in one package. Certain situations, such as photojournalism or sports, require these features because you typically do not have the option to switch lenses on the fly. However, if you are doing a branded photoshoot with a cooperative subject, you have the luxury to slow down, plan your shots, and even change lenses as needed. In these controlled situations, using multiple vintage prime lenses to achieve shallow depth of field at a much lower price can be a smart and economical proposition.

Do I Need Shallow Depth of Field for Headshots?

Many headshot photographers actually prefer a moderate depth of field. In headshot sessions, you want all the key facial features—particularly the eyes—to be tack-sharp. If your depth of field is too shallow, you might end up with one eye in focus while the other eye is soft, which can be distracting. It can also mean that a slight shift from the subject ruins the shot because the focus plane is so narrow.

Additionally, headshots often prioritize clarity and detail so the subject looks professional. A background blur can still be used, but it does not need to be extremely strong. Stopping down to f/4 or f/5.6 can keep the subject’s face in focus while still providing some separation from the background. Therefore, you do not need shallow depth of field for headshots, and in many cases, it can even be a negative if it is overdone.

Do I Need Shallow Depth of Field for Portraits?

Portrait photography often benefits from a shallow depth of field. When the goal is to create a dreamy, aesthetically pleasing image, having a soft background can draw the viewer’s eye directly to the subject. Clients who commission lifestyle or personal branding portraits often want that high-end look, which is frequently associated with a well-executed background blur.

So, if you are shooting outdoor lifestyle or creative portrait sessions, shallow depth of field is often a must. Clients or models expect the subject to “pop” from the background, and one of the quickest ways to achieve this look is with a wide aperture, such as f/2.8, f/1.8, or even f/1.4 on prime lenses.

Do I Need Shallow Depth of Field for Architecture?

Architecture photography generally calls for images where everything in the frame—from the nearest surface to the farthest corner—is sharp and easy to see. A shallow depth of field would mean you lose key structural or design details, which defeats the purpose of showcasing a building’s style and precision.

Because of this, you do not need shallow depth of field for architecture photography. In fact, it can be counterproductive. Instead, most architecture photographers opt to shoot at smaller apertures like f/8, f/11, or even f/16 to capture the entire scene in crisp detail. A tripod is commonly used to stabilize the camera for longer exposures when using these smaller apertures.

Do I Need Shallow Depth of Field for Real Estate?

Real estate photography follows a similar logic to architecture photography. The purpose here is to make rooms look open, bright, and inviting, while also showing off all relevant details. A shallow depth of field that obscures furniture or interior features can make the space appear smaller or hide important selling points.

You do not need shallow depth of field for real estate photography. In fact, a deep depth of field is the norm so that every corner of the space is clear and appealing. Like architecture work, it is very common to use a tripod, which allows for slower shutter speeds without motion blur, making it easy to use smaller apertures.

Do I Need Shallow Depth of Field for Studio Photography?

Studio photography can mean anything from product and still-life shoots to fashion editorials. In a studio, you often have controlled lighting, a set background, and ample time to adjust your settings. If you are doing product photography or group portraits, a shallow depth of field can be undesirable because you want the entire subject or multiple subjects in sharp focus.

On the other hand, some fashion or beauty shoots may call for a shallower depth of field to highlight an accessory or a model’s face in a creative way. Still, for many professional studio setups, you absolutely do not need shallow depth of field, because you can control the lighting and environment to achieve the look you want with a moderate aperture. If you are not specifically looking for that dreamy blur, a lens with a more modest maximum aperture (like f/4 or f/5.6) can be perfectly sufficient and save you money.

A selection of vintage lenses from my collection

Why Vintage Lenses Are a Great Alternative

If you find yourself wanting that dreamy background blur but cannot justify spending thousands on a modern fast zoom or prime, consider using vintage manual lenses. These older lenses, such as the Nikkor AI-S line, can be adapted to most mirrorless cameras with a simple, inexpensive adapter. The key advantage is cost: you can often pick up a vintage lens for a fraction of the price of a new one that offers a similarly wide aperture.

In many cases, these lenses are optically excellent and produce bokeh that rivals today’s best. You will lose autofocus and some modern conveniences, but if your subjects are not moving quickly—or if you have time to focus manually—this is rarely a significant drawback. Vintage lenses also have a certain character that many photographers find appealing, adding a subtle, unique quality to each shot.

Why Wide-aperture Lenses Are so Pricey

It is important to understand that expensive lenses do not automatically produce more attractive images. Instead, they offer a combination of features that can handle almost any professional scenario. Take the 70–200mm lenses from Sony, Nikon, or Canon, for example. These are go-to choices for photojournalists, sports photographers, and event shooters because they:

Provide a wide and versatile focal range.
Have a fast and constant aperture (often f/2.8) throughout the zoom range.
Feature advanced autofocus systems, crucial for tracking moving subjects.
Often include built-in image stabilization and robust weather sealing.

In fast-paced shooting environments, you cannot swap out multiple lenses on the fly, so having one lens that “does it all” is a necessity. That is why these lenses command such high prices. However, if you shoot in more controlled environments—like a planned portrait session or a branded photoshoot—you can afford to work more slowly and switch out prime lenses as needed, saving yourself a lot of money in the long run.

Final Thoughts on Whether You Need Shallow Depth of Field

So, do you really need shallow depth of field? The best answer remains: It depends on what you are shooting and how you plan to shoot it. For headshots, real estate, architecture, and many studio scenarios, a super shallow depth of field can be detrimental if it compromises image clarity and detail. On the other hand, for outdoor lifestyle, creative portraits, or anytime a client specifically requests a dreamy, blown-out background, having the capability for shallow depth of field is extremely desirable.

Before you feel locked into spending two or three thousand dollars on a fast lens, consider using vintage manual lenses, renting high-end lenses to try them out, or sticking with more modest apertures if your photography niche does not demand extreme background blur. Expensive lenses do offer many advantages, but they are not a guarantee of more beautiful photos. They simply provide a range of advanced features all in one package. If you do not need all of those features—especially if you can switch lenses and have time to set up each shot—there are more economical ways to get a shallow depth of field and produce incredible images.

Ultimately, the key is knowing your subject, your environment, and your clients’ expectations. Match your equipment to your usage, and remember that shallow depth of field is a powerful tool—but not always a necessary one. If your photographic style or assignment calls for it, you will love what a wide aperture can do. If not, you can save significant money without sacrificing image quality in your final results.

Do I Need Shallow Depth of Field for Photography?